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The Symphony No. 8 in F Major, Op. 93 is a symphony in four movements composed by Ludwig van Beethoven in 1812. Beethoven fondly referred to it as "my little Symphony in F," distinguishing it from his Sixth Symphony, a longer work also in F.〔http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5485221〕 The Eighth Symphony is generally light-hearted, though not lightweight, and in many places cheerfully loud, with many accented notes. Various passages in the symphony are heard by some listeners to be musical jokes.〔Some instances given by Hopkins (1981; 224, 232, 233–4, 236–7) are: 1st mvt. bars 36–37 (bassoon mimicry), the "breaking of the metronome" passage at end of the second movement, the shift of the minuet into 2/4 time, and the hesitancy in the last movement about whether the exposition will be repeated or not.〕 As with various other Beethoven works such as the Opus 27 piano sonatas, the symphony deviates from Classical tradition in making the last movement the weightiest of the four. ==Composition and premiere== The work was begun in the summer of 1812, immediately after the completion of the Seventh Symphony.〔Hopkins 1981, 221〕 At the time Beethoven was 41 years old. As Antony Hopkins has noted, the cheerful mood of the work betrays nothing of the grossly unpleasant events that were taking place in Beethoven's life at the time, which involved his interference in his brother Johann's love life.〔For details see Hopkins (1981, 221).〕 The work took Beethoven only four months to complete,〔 and is, unlike many of his works, without dedication. The premiere took place on 27 February 1814, at a concert in the Redoutensaal, Vienna, at which the Seventh Symphony (which had been premiered two months earlier) was also played. Beethoven was growing increasingly deaf at the time, but nevertheless led the premiere. Reportedly, "the orchestra largely ignored his ungainly gestures and followed the principal violinist instead."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Welcome to Carnegie Hall (program notes) )〕 When asked by his pupil Carl Czerny why the Eighth was less popular than the Seventh, Beethoven is said to have replied, "because the Eighth is so much better."〔Steinberg, Michael. "The Symphony: a listeners guide". pp. 44-47. Oxford University Press, 1995.〕 A critic wrote that "the applause it received was not accompanied by that enthusiasm which distinguishes a work which gives universal delight; in short—as the Italians say—it did not create a furor." Beethoven was angered at this reception.〔Solomon, Maynard. "Beethoven". p. 214. Schirmer Books, 1977〕 George Bernard Shaw, in his capacity as a music critic, agreed with Beethoven's assessment of the work, writing that indeed, "In all subtler respects the Eighth is better (the Seventh )."〔Bernard Shaw, George. ''The Great Composers: Reviews and Bombardments''. p. 107. California University Press, 1978.〕 But other critics have been divided in their judgement. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Symphony No. 8 (Beethoven)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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